中苏两党关于斯大林问题的争论评析

A Review about the Dispute on Stalin between CCP and SCP

斯大林的评价问题始终是中苏论战的焦点之一。苏共对斯大林采取抽象肯定、具体否定的办法,是片面的、错误的,认识的深度也不够,但对斯大林晚年所犯错误进行批判,反对个人崇拜却是必要的、符合苏联社会历史发展的客观要求的,对社会主义国家后来改革和冲破斯大林模式产生了深远的影响,从总体上应该肯定。中共一开始强调对斯大林要进行全面分析,不能把所有错误都推到斯大林一个人身上,是完全正确的,但中共对斯大林问题的分析难以摆脱当时认识水平的局限,中苏论战高潮期又从原来的立场上后退,否定批判斯大林的积极意义,助长了个人崇拜思想的膨胀,结果,毛泽东又把斯大林犯过的错误重复了一遍,酿成历史的悲剧。

How to evaluate Stalin was always one of the focuses of Sino-Soviet debate. The SCP's abstract positive but concrete negative of Stalin was partial, wrong and superficial, meanwhile, its criticism of Stalin's mistakes in his late years and opposition to self-cult were necessary, suitable for the objective requirement of Soviet society and history, producing far-reaching effect on the ensuing social reform and breaking Stalin mode. On the whole, the SCP's evaluation of Stalin was to be positive. The CCP emphasized at the beginning that Stalin should be analyzed all-round, and that all mistakes should not be piled upon him exclusively. This point of view was completely right. However, the CCP's analysis on Stalin was hard to do away with the restriction of its level of recognition, which leaded to its retreat from its original position at the climax of dispute, and denied the positive significance of criticizing Stalin, and helping the swell of self-cult tide. As a consequence, MAO Ze-dong repeated Stalin's mistake of self-cult, and resulted in a historic tragedy.