4409名学生心理健康状况及家庭环境与吸烟行为分析

Psychosocial Risk Factors and Family Psyche Environment of Smoking Adolescents

目的 :探讨中学生心理行为特征和心理健康状况及家庭心理环境与中学生吸烟行为的关系。方法 :以苏州市 44 0 9名初中、高中、职业中学的学生为对象 ,采用SCL -90、家庭环境量表和自编问题进行问卷调查。结果 :反叛性、冒险性强 ,倾向早熟、毅力差、顺从敏感性高是吸烟的危险因素 ,而情感调节性和认同敏感性与吸烟无关 ;吸烟组与对照组SCL -90在总分、阳性项目数、躯体化、强迫症状、人际关系敏感、抑郁、焦虑、敌对、恐怖、偏执、精神病性方面的评分均高于对照组 ,且有统计学意义 (P <0 0 1) ;吸烟组在FES -CV中的亲密度、情感表达、知识性、道德宗教观、组织性平均分明显低于对照组 (P <0 0 1) ,而在FES -CV的矛盾性的平均分则明显高于对照组 (P <0 0 1)。结论 :中学生行为的反叛性、冒险性、早熟性、毅力性和不良心理健康水平是中学生吸烟的危险因素 ;同时不良家庭关系也是中学生吸烟的危险因素 ,一个亲密、融洽的家庭环境可能会减少中学生吸烟 ,而一个矛盾的家庭则可能会增加中学生吸烟。

Objective:To probe into the influences of psychosocial risk factors and family psyche environment on smoking behavior of adolescents.Methods:Psychosocial risk factors and family psyche environment of 806 adolescents with smoking behavior and that of 3603 controls were investigated with Family Environment Scale, Symptom Checklist 90 and Behavior Questionnaire.Results:Rebelliousness, Risk Taking, Early Maturity, Problem Helplessness of adolescents were related to smoking. The scores of cohesion, expressiveness, achievement orientation and intellectual-culture orientation in Family Environment Scale of the smoking group were lower than those of controls (P<0.05), the score of conflict of smoking adolescents was higher than that of controls (P<0.05). The scores of interpersonal sensitivity, depression, anxiety, hostility, paranoid ideation, psychoticism and total scale scores in Symptom Checklist 90 of the smoking adolescents were higher than those in controls(P<0.05). Conclusion: The family psyche environment, feature behaviors and mental problems may be the factors having influence on smoking of adolescents, we should pay attention to these factors in prevention of adolescent smoking。