超常与常态儿童在非智力因素上的差异

The Difference of Nonintellectual Factors between Gifted and Normal Children

目的 :考察超常儿童与同年龄的普通儿童在自我概念、焦虑以及成就动机这三项非智力因素上的差异。方法 :用自我概念量表 ,状态 -特质焦虑问卷 ,成就动机量表 ,考察超常儿童 (分别为小班 :11岁组 3 0名 ;大班 :13岁组 3 1名 )与同龄普通儿童 (分别为 11岁组 5 0名、 13岁组 5 0名 )在这三项非智力因素上的差异。结果 :大班超常儿童在身体自我、同伴自我、班级自我、自信自我、非学业自我概念以及总分上均明显低于同龄对照组 (P <0 0 1) ;状态焦虑、特质焦虑、以及避免失败取向得分均高于同龄对照组 (P<0 0 5～ 0 0 1) ;小班超常儿童在自我概念各维度以及成就动机上与同龄对照组无显著性差异 ;而状态、特质焦虑得分明显低于对照组 (P <0 0 5～ 0 0 1)。结论 :超常儿童非智力因素的发展可能受学习压力。

Objective: To study the difference of nonintellectual factors between gifted and normal students Methods: The Self-concept Inventory, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-Form Y and the Achievement Motives Scale were administered to thirty 10-year-old and thirty-one 13-year-old gifted children, and to the normal control groups of the same age, each group including 50 students Results: The self-concept of gifted children aged 13 was lower than that of the normal control group of the same age, the differences on physical self-concept, peer self-concept, classroom self-concept, confidence in self, nonacademic self-concept and the total amount of self-concept were all stattstically significant The scores of state-trait anxiety and the motive of avoiding failure of the gifted children aged 13 are significantly higher than those of the normal students On the contrary, every dimension of the self-concept of the gifted children aged 11 was higher than the normal control group of the same age except the ability self-concept and the total amount of self-concept, but the differences were not significant The scores of state-trait anxiety was significantly lower than the normal children, but the differences on the achievement motive were not significant