锂离子电池纳米负极材料的研究和开发

Research & Development on Nano Anode Materialsfor Lithium Ion Batteries

综述了纳米材料在负极材料方面的最新研究和开发进展,主要包括纳米金属及纳米合金、纳米氧化物、碳纳米管、具有纳米孔结构的无定形炭材料和天然石墨.由于纳米材料的特有性能,它们的可逆容量均高于目前商品化的负极材料.纳米合金负极材料的实业化存在问题,特别是循环稳定性.碳纳米管则由于制备和纯化,成本过高,规模化生产不容易实施,同时理论方面也有待于进一步的研究,以期提高其电化学性能.具有纳米孔的无定形炭材料的制备温度低,而且容量也比较高,但是对于产业化而言,循环性能和电压滞后现象有待于改进.具有纳米孔的天然石墨负极材料不仅容量高、制备比较简单、成本低,而且具有良好的循环性能,可望达到产业化的要求.

Recent research and development of nanomaterials for anode of lithium ion batteries has been reviewed. These materials include nano alloys, nano oxides, carbon nanotubes and natural graphite with nanopores. Due to the unique characteristics of nano materials, all of them show a reversible capacity higher than that of the commercial pro-(ducts). However, practical application of nano alloys still needs further research especially on the improvement of cycling performance. The application of carbon nanotubes is still limited owning to the high cost of preparation, difficulty in scale-up production. Moreover, further theoretic study is needed in order to improve their electrochemical performance. In the case of amorphous carbonaceous materials with nanopores, their preparation temperature is low and reversible capacity is high, but their cycling and voltage hysteresis are needed to improve. As to natural graphite with nanopores, its preparation can easily be realized and cost is low, it can meet the requirements for industrialization due to good electrochemical performance including reversible capacity and cycling.