试论前提的制约因素

A Tentative Study of Restrictive Factors on Presupposition

人们一般认为前提关系与语句的字面意义无关而取决于语境及由语境推断出来的信息。笔者分析指出前提关系的制约要分两种情况考虑 :1)对于语义前提 ,它与语句词汇层的词汇关系密切 ,甚至可以说词汇意义制约语义前提 ;2 )对于语用前提 ,其共知性特征使得它不受词汇层的词汇意义制约 ,语用前提限制着语句意义。不过 ,语用前提仍然以词汇意义为最根本依据 ,词汇意义不同往往会导致语用前提发生变化 ,进而影响语句意义。

It is generally believed that presupposition only has to do with context and information inferred from the context.The author in this paper proposes an analysis of presupposition and argues that the following two aspects should be taken into consideration:1)The semantic presupposition has much to do with the lexical level,and to a great extent it is governed by the lexical meaning of words.2)The pragmatic presupposition is characteristic of multual knowledge sharing and is free of the lexical restriction.It is the pragmatic presupposition that restricts the meaning of a sentence.However,the lexical meaning of words is still the most fundamental basis of pragmatic presupposition.The difference of lexical meaning usually results in change in pragmatic presupposition and further affects the meaing of a sentence.