“民考汉”与双语现象

Minority Nationality Students Studying in Han Chinese School and Bilingual Phenomenon

“民老汉”从小进入汉语学校学习，常年与汉族人接触，他们的汉语能力相当高，是典型的双语人。“民考汉”的双语程度到底如何？为此我们进行了问卷调查、个别访谈并进行录音，对他们的语言习惯、双语熟练程度、语言态度等方面进行了调查。绝大多数“民考汉”的汉语水平及能力相对于自己的民族语言来说其程度和水平要高出许多。“民考汉”与汉族交谈时使用汉语；没有任何语言障碍，交谈时不会夹杂母语。与本民族交谈时大多混合使用母语和汉语，也有一些只用母语或汉语交谈的人。绝大多数“民考汉”对母语持强烈维护的态度，对汉语抱肯定态度。

Minority nationality students who study in Han Chinese school since their primary school are typical people of bilingual because they always study and contact with Han nationality and they have a good master of, Chinese language. order to understand to what extent this group of people master the two languages, we carried out a survey by distributing questionaire and field interview with recording to collect data about their language acquisition,fluency of the two languages and their attitude to the languages. The results show that their proficiency and capability of Chinese language are much higher than that of their native languages. They don't have any difficulty in communicating with Han Chinese in Chinese language. But, when communicating with their own people(nationalities) in their native languages, most of them need Chinese(words and terms)to help them to express their ideas. Only some of them are able to carry out communication in certain language completely without help. Most of them strongly protect their native languages and at the same time they accept Chinese languages.