说“命”

Discussion On “命

从语源学的角度去溯寻“命”字本源意义的生成及向派生意义演变的文化理据是一个重要课题。甲骨文中 ,“命”、“令”是字形相同 ,音相近、义相通 ,甚或有时通用的同源字。但这种通用是仅限于“命令”这一本来意义上的。在其后的引申、派生的道路上“命”和“令”便分道扬镳了。从三条线索描写、阐释“命”字的词义引申和演变的理据与轨迹 :1 从“命”的名词意义的引申来看。 2 从“命”的动词意义的引申来看。 3 从“命”和它的同源字“名”的通用中引申出的意义来看。我们依相关性和联想性的逻辑 ,参照古人的本体观念 ,人生哲学 ,揭示“命”一词诸多义项间的派生关系 ,并以相关的同源字印证之。“命”一词的大家族 ,是古人“天命”的本体观演绎下的“人命”的人生观 ,上下尊卑的社会伦理观的文化亲缘关系的集合。

It is an important topic to etymologically seek the cultural justifications of the generation and the evolution of the derivative meaning of the original meaning of the character “命'. In Jia Gu Wen, “命' and “命' are the same in character form, similar in pronunciation, and interchangeable in meaning. They were sometimes interchangeable characters of the same origin. However, this interchangeability was only restricted to “命令' in its original meaning. Later on, in the course of extension and derivation, “命' and “令' came to be divorced. This article undertakes to delineate and interpret the justifications and track of the extension and evolution of the word “命' from three aspects. Firstly, the meaning of “命' by extension used as a noun is explored. Secondly, the meaning of “命' by extension used as a verb is discussed. Thirdly, The meaning of “命' by extension is approached from the interchangeability with “命' of the same origin. According to the logic of interrelatedness and association and in view of the ontological concept and life philosophy of ancient people, the article reveals the derivative relationship of the various semantic items of the word “命' and undertakes to prove it with related words. The whole family of the word “命' is the sum total of the world outlook of “man's life 'deduced from the ontological outlook of the “destiny' and the cultural relatedness of the social ethics of rank and status.