创建一个和而不同的全球社会——在国际人类学与民族学联合会中期会议上的主旨发言

A Speech: Creating a Harmonious but Different World Community--A Speech at a Conference of the IUAES

在近 70年的学术研究中 ,费孝通先生始终把社会学和人类学密切联系在一起 ,用人类学的理论和方法来研究当代中国社会的变化 ,关注人类社会和人类生活所遇到的或将面临的现实问题。费孝通先生认为 ,都市人类学的研究 ,要强调中国多元文化的主体在工业化和城市化道路上发生的变化。在中国现代化的进程中 ,应关注两大问题 ,一是发展 ,即西部大开发。作为一个统一的多民族国家 ,中国在都市研究中赋予了民族文化多样性的内涵 ,现代化过程必然包括少数民族的现代化。二是和平共处。多民族在城市中共同的政治、经济组织的框架之内要和平共处 ,才能继续发展。“中和位育”几个字代表了儒家文化的精髓 ,成为中国人的基本价值取向 ;“和而不同”已成为人类生存的基本条件。

Throughout his academic research of nearly 70 years, Mr. Fei Xiaotong has been relating sociology with anthropology, investigating the changes going on in contemporary China by using the theories and methods of anthropology, and paying close attention to the problems confronting the human beings. Mr. Fei believes that the research in metropolitan anthropology should focus on the changes of the Chinese pluralistic cultures which have been happening on China's way to modernization and urbanization. In the process of China's modernization, attention should be paid to two important problems. One is development, viz the Great Development of the West. As a multinational country, China's modernization must include the modernization of the minority nationalities. The other is peaceful coexistence. Only by peaceful existence can the multinational political and economic organizations in the cities go on working well.