试论按要素分配的理论依据

The Theoretical Foundation of Factor Distribution

正如商品是使用价值和价值的统一一样,商品的生产也是使用价值生产和价值生产的统一。既然劳动力和生产资料都参与了商品的生产,也就都是使用价值和价值的生产要素。劳动力和生产资料都具有稀缺性,因而都是某些人的所有物。在商品经济条件下,生产者要想获得劳动力和生产资料,就必须以某种方式向其所有者购买,为此支付的代价就是要素所有者的报酬。因此,价值的生产要素成为某些人的所有物是按要素分配的前提。

As the commodity is an unity of use value andvalue, the production of commodity also is an unityof use value production and value production. Nowthat the labour force and productive tuaterial allparticipate in the orodcetion of commodily, they areall the productive factor of use Value and valhe. Thelahour force and productive material are of scarci-ty, and are owned by some people. Thus, in thecondition of commodity economy, if the producer ofcommodity wants to get the the labour force andproductive material, he has to buy them from theirowner. The price paid for them is the pay of theowners of faetors. Thereby, the productive factors ofvalue are owned hy some people is the prerequisiteof disributing by factors.