重识偶然性和必然性

A Reunderstanding of Contingency and Necessity

从伊壁鸠鲁到马克思，从达尔文到恩格斯、莫诺，他们在承认偶然性的本体论地位上，是与现代科学精神相一致的。偶然性和必然性这对范畴并不具有同等地位，偶然性是一种绝对的存在，而必然性则是相对的。二者是“多元”的辩证统一：在事物变化发展过程中，二者是同一事件在不同存在层次上状态属性即现实性和可能性的辩证统一；在人类的认识和实践活动中，二者是一般和特殊、具体和抽象的辩证统一；二者相互联结，相互转化，辩证统一于整个世界和人类的历史进程。

When recognizing the ontology of contingency, scholars of many fields ranging from Epikouros to Marx, from Darwin to Engels. Mono are consistent with the modern scientific spirit. The two categories of contingency and necessity are not of equal status. Contingency is an absolute existence while necessity is relative. The two are of pluralistic dialectical unity. In the process of the development and change of things, contingency and necessity are the attributes on different existential level of the same thing, i.e. the dialectical unity of reality and possibility. In man's activity of knowledge and practice, contingency and necessity are of dialectical unity between the general and the particular, the concrete and the abstract. The two combine with each other and change to each other, which form a dialectical unity in the world and the historical process of mankind.