字和汉语语义句法的基本结构原理

Fundamental Structural Principles of Chinese Semantic Syntax in terms of ZI

认识语言基本结构单位的性质和特点是把握语言结构脉络的基础。汉语的基本结构单位是字 ,其特点是突出语义 ;表义性的汉字忠实地反映了这种特点。语句的结构框架是“话题———说明” ,其生成的基本原则是以“已知”去选择、组配和驾驭“未知” ,在语言中的具体表现形式就是“前管后”。语序在这种语义句法的生成中占有特殊的地位。有生性话题句的语序大体上根据时间顺序原则生成 。

The nature and characteristics of the basic structural unit of cognitive linguistics serves as the basis for commanding the thread of language structures. Accordingly, the basic structural unit of the Chinese language is ZI (字), the trait of which is, faithfully, of semanticality, i.e., to make salient its semantic content.The structural frame of utterances is “topic comment”, resulting from the “Known” to select, collocate, and manipulate the “Unknown”. And the practical expression form in language is that “the previous constituent dominates the subsequent”; Therefore, word order in the generation of this semantic syntax takes a unique status. Iconically, the word order of animate topic sentence is generally generated in terms of temporal sequence whereas that of inanimate topic sentence relies on spatiality.