试论语义关系对异体词显隐和使用的制约

On the Role of Semantic Relation in the Appearance, Disappearance and Application of Variants

本文通过语义关系的描写来分析异体词的显隐与使用。异体词是一个典型范畴 ,应从这一角度来考虑异体词的文字与语义、词汇乃至语言的关系。从语义关系来看 ,异体词可以粗略地区分出条件变体和自由变体 ,变体的显隐与使用都有客观基础和心理现实 ,取舍与分化都有一定的难度。异体词的显隐和使用受语义空间的交叠、渗透、移位等因素的制约。语素义的区别在诸多方面对异体词分化产生影响 ,语义关系对异体词显隐和使用的制约具有现实同一性 ,异体词的发展大多是字形与语义的关系通过语用调适的结果。对异体词的功用与整理要辩证对待 ,综合权衡利弊得失。

This essay analyzes the appearance, disappearance and application of variants in terms of semantic relation. A variant is a prototype, and the relationship between its characters and semantics,and between its role as a word and the language must be considered from this perspective. From the perspective of semantic relation, variants can roughly fall into conditional variants and free variants. The appearance, disappearance and application of variants have their objective basis and psychological reality, which are difficult to be selected or discriminated . The appearance, disappearance and application of variants are restricted by such factors as overlapping, infiltration and translation of semantic space. The differentiation of morphemic meanings influences the separation of variants in many aspects. The restriction of semantic relation on the appearance , disappearance and application of variants is actually identical. The development of variants mostly results from the pragmatic adjustment of the relationship between character patterns and semantics . The functions and arrangement of variants should be dealt with dialectically, and the gains and losses should be comprehensively weighed.