俄语感情动词的整合研究

Towards a synthesis of Russian emotive verbs

形式化的语义描写在语言语义研究中一向备受瞩目,而整合描写理论对于形式化的语义研究而言颇具代表性。本文正是立足俄语感情动词的整合研究就相关问题作了较为深入、全面的讨论。我们首先针对俄语感情动词的语义次范畴化谈了自己的看法,指出现有的有关该问题的认识中存在的种种不足乃至弊端,提出了自己的解决方案:根据七个语义参数(义类特征)将感情动词分化为感情状态动词、感情反应动词及感情关系动词三个语义细类。在此基础上,我们通过专门的形式化语义语言(主要包括五项区分性特征)对这些语义次范畴进行了客观的形式化描写和界定,并给出了较有说服力的实证性(框图)模式。由此我们可以根据一组组的语义特征和形式聚合类对词汇语义单位进行分门别类,得出有多少个语义次范畴就有多少个形式化类别与之对应这样一个重要的语言结论。

The theory of integral description is typical in formal semantic studies. This paper presents our attempts at an integral study of Russian emotive verbs. First, using 7 semantic features or parameters we classify these verbs into 3 subcategories: verbs of emotive state, emotive reaction and emotive attitude. It is argued that these verbal semantic subcategories go through 5 specific formal-syntax means or procedures (valent structure of verb: actant's semantic subcategorical properties; optional verbal distributive element; synonymic transformational features and conventional transformational features). Moreover, the empirical models are illustrated with diagrams. A conclusion is drawn that there is isomorphism between semantic subcategories and formal-syntax paradigms.