阅读理解中的知识提取和信息加工

Information Processing in Reading Comprehension

阅读过程是个复杂的心理活动过程.阅读的确要理解文字符号的表层结构,但更重要的是理解语义的深层结构转化,要能对读物所传递的信息进行加工分析、联想和预测.因此我们可以说阅读理解过程是作者、语言信息和读者等几方面相互作用的结果.阅读理解中对有关信息的提取至关重要,而能否提取信息取决于读者头脑中是否已储存着有关信息或是否能把已知信息提取出来.推断联想的能力实际上就是从大脑中提取有关信息的能力.一个有经验的读者,往往具备不断延伸推测和联想的强烈的自我意识,因此他能提取别人提取不到的已知信息.培养这种意识,训练这种能力,正是阅读教学的根本任务.

Reading comprehension, which is consistent with language comprehension and general comprehension, is a complicated psycholinguistic process. To comprehend a text is an interactive process between the readers background knowledge and the text. The basic point we focus on here is that much of the meaning understood from the text is not actually in the text, but in the background knowledge of the reader. The complex reading processes probably involve a number of interacting strategies. Human brain is like a great encyclopedia as well as an enormous computer. To improve reading ability, we must understand how the information stored in our “brain encyclopedia” functions in the processes of interpreting new information, how it is stimulated and activated in the memory and how it becomes part of the knowledge in our brain.