沈阳市大气污染对小学生肺功能的影响

Effect of air pollution on pupil's lung function in Shenyang

目的 调查沈阳市大气污染对小学生肺功能的影响 ,比较不同季节分析动车尾气污染与燃煤污染水平。方法 根据近 10年沈阳市大气污染监测资料和沈阳市交通流量分布资料 ,选择地处机沈阳市机动车流量大中小不同区域的 3所小学校 (依次分为A ,B ,C小学 ) ,调查其中居住 3年以上家住距学校 1km以内的 8～ 10岁 (三年级 )健康学生 ,每个学校调查小学生 10 0名 ,与冬季和夏季分别检测用力肺活量 (FVC) ,第 1秒用力肺活量 (FEV1 0 )和 1秒率(FEV1 0 /FVC) ,结果 C小学儿童大小气道功能为好于A ,B小学 ;B小学儿童的大气道功能 (FVC)在冬季采暖期结束后下降明显 ;A小学儿童小气道功能 (FEV1 0 ,FEV1 0 /FVC)在采暖期结束后下降明显 ,好于C小学 (P <0 0 5 ) ,但大气道功能改变不明显。环境空气质量资科分析表明 ,A小学空气环境受交通尾气污染较B、C小学重 ;B小学学生在采暖期结束后肺功能明显改善 ,表明B小学环境空气主要以煤烟型污染为主。结论 在交通流量大的A小学附近 ,机动车尾气污染十分严重 ,可影响小学生的肺功能。提示机动车尾气污染可能成为主要污染源 ,建议有关部门重视加强防控工作。

Objective To investigate the impact of the air pollution in Shenyang on pupil's lung function and compare the pollution of motor vehicle and coal-burning level in different seasons.Methods According to montoring materials about sulfur dioxide(SO 2),nitro chemcial compound(NO x),total suspendeed particulate(TSP) and carbon monoxide(CO),and the materials about flow of traffic in Shenyang in the past 10 years,to choose three primary schoos located different areas(divided as primary school A,B,C according to the size of flow of motor vehicle),and choose 100 health pulils living within 1、km from school,aged 8-10 years old (three grades) in each school.To measure the force vital capacity(FVC),forced vital capacity in the first second(FEV1.0),rate of one second(FEV1.0/FVC) and the detection time including:before the heating period(the last ten days of October of 2001),heating period(mid-December of 2001),post heating period(the first ten days of April of 2002) and non-heating period(mid-June of 2002).Results Airway function of children in primary school C are better than primary school A and B.FVC of children in primary school B and FEV1.0/FEV of children in primary school A drops significantly during the post-heating period which are better than primary school C(P<0 05),but the function of big airway does not change significantly.The analysis of air quality indicates,the pollution of primary school.By the traffic exhausted gas is more severe than primary school B and C.Lung function of students in primary school B improves obviously at post-heating period,which indicates the air pollution in primary school B surrounding air;burning-coal type pollution.Conclusion Primary school is polluted seriously by motor exhausted,which influences the pupil's lung function.If effective measures are not taken,motor vehicle exhausted gas will become the primary pollution source.The relevant department should pay more attention to this job.