从科学试验方法探讨土力学发展的新途径

NEW APPROACH OF DEVELOPMENT OF SOIL MECHANICS FROM SCIENTIFIC EXPERIMENTS METHODOLOGY

土是多相、多矿物的组合体,土体本身具有多样性和易变性。人类对土的力学性状的认识是从试验开始的,土力学理论的形成、发展与试验方法息息相关。近年来,扫描电镜、CT技术引入土力学中,较大地推进了土力学的细观研究,成为土力学的研究热点。通过分析现有土力学试验方法的特点,认为利用物理模拟试验,采用扫描电镜、CT等现代测试技术,对土体本构关系进行细观表述,是土力学研究的新动向。在此研究基础上引入科学试验新形式——虚拟技术,展现复杂条件下附加应力的传递过程,并显现各种因素(如环境因素等)对土体结构的影响,是土体本构模型建立的新途径。

Soil is assembly of many minerals with multiphases. Soil is easy to change and has many shapes. It is from experiments that people began to learn the knowledge about soil mechanics. In other words,the formation and development of the soil mechanics theory is linked closely to the methodology of experiments. Some modern techniques,such as SEM and CT,have emerged in recent years and have greatly improved the study of soil microstructure,which are hot tropics today. In this paper,the characteristics of the experiments approach for soil mechanics is analyzed. Based on the analysis of characteristics of experiments methods,the modern physical simulation experiments,such as SEM and CT,can also be used in description of constitutive model of soil. And a new scientific method棗virtual technology,which can show the transfer and the reaction of influential factors under additional stress in complex condition,is discussed in the paper. This is a new approach for establishing constitutive model of soil,and interests more and more scientists and engineers.