中国的产业结构与就业问题

The Industrial Structure and the Employment Issue in China

我国近年来就业矛盾十分突出 ,通过对历史数据和国际数据的比较研究 ,发现就业矛盾的原因在于劳动就业结构滞后与产业结构的变化 ,产生了结构性偏差 ,并且偏差的收敛速度慢于国际经验。分别从三次产业看 ,偏差产生的原因是农业劳动力转移缓慢 ,工业生产中普遍采用了劳动节约型技术 ,发生资本替代劳动 ,以及第三产业增长缓慢和结构失调。基于结构的观点 。

Through comparative study of the historical and international data, it is found that the main reason for the serious unemployment in recent years in China lies in the lagging of employment structure, which results in structural deviation, the restraint of the deviation being slower than that of international experience. What causes the deviation is the slow transfer of rural labor, the substitution of capital for labor resulted from labor intensive technology widely adopted in industrial production, and the slow growth and the structural imbalance of the tertiary industry. On the basis of the analysis, given are the corresponding suggestive countermeasures.