不能把马克思的“生产力价值论”混同于李嘉图的“劳动价值论一元论”——读《政治经济学批判(1857—1858年草稿)》一个重要注释

Marx's Labour Theory of Value Should Not Be Mixed With Ricardo's Labour Value Monism

古典经济学中 ,李嘉图学派坚持典型的“劳动价值论一元论”。面对诘难 ,它力求通过扩大“劳动”外延的办法以自救 ,甚至把“资本”也扩大进来 ,最终导致解体。马克思在《资本论》写作中 ,曾花功夫思考自己的“生产力 (率 )价值论”体系与李嘉图学派的本质区别 ,指出应把使用价值引进“价值”之中 ,这种“引入”是从抽象的劳动价值论出发 ,在叙述中逐步加入使用价值因素及其决定性 ,从而使“价值”具体化的过程 ,包括适当肯定“生产要素论”

In classical economics, Ricardo school insisted on the typical Labour Value Monism. In the face of difficulties, it saved itself by expanding the extension of Labour, even putting Capital into Labour, resulting in the disaggregation of the school. In writing Capital, Marx spent time looking for the difference between his own Productivity Theory of Value system and Ricardo School. He pointed out that Usevalue should be introduced into Value. This introduction was based on the abstract Labour Value and the Usevalue elements and its decisive position were gradually introduced so as to make rational the reification process of Value, including affirming the theory of production factors.