国企改制中资产评估失真问题产生的根源探究

Exploration on the Causes of Distortion in the Asset Evaluation during the State-owned Enterprises' System Transformation

国企改制中的资产评估,并不只是一个技术层面的问题,而是关系到国企改革成败的大问题。在国企改制中,存在大量的国有资产流失,出现资产低估贱卖,弄虚作假等诸多违规现象,资产流失在市场上的语义转换就是价格偏失问题。究其原因,在产权交易中资产所有权的不完整性和外部性,会带来所有者权益的隐性损失,进而影响资产的真实价值;国有企业先天的所有者缺位引发“内部人控制”,也会导致国有资产所有者监督权限和应得利益的虚化;同时资产买卖双方责任不对等,政府行政管理不到位,评估机构不专业等各种因素,最终导致评估业出现整体失信危机。

Asset evaluation in the state-owned enterprises' system transformation is not only a problem of technical level, but a key problem deciding the success or failure of the transformation. Substantial state-owned assets are lost when the state-owned enterprises change their system and many phenomena that disobey the rules emerge, for example, low assessment and cheap sale of assets and fraud. State-owned assets loss in market actually is the problem of price deviation. The cause is that the disintegrity and exteriority of asset ownership can lead to concealed loss of the owner's benefit, even to affect the real value of asset during the asset transaction; that 'the controlling of inside person' raised by the owner vacancy can also give rise to the virtualization of supervising right and deserved benefit that the owner of the state-owned assets should have; and that various factors can make the evaluating industry appear whole credit crisis such as unequal responsibility of the buyer and seller, inadequate governmental administrative management and non-specialty of the evaluating institution.