三维激光扫描数据采集系统的摄像机标定技术研究

Research on camera calibration technique based on 3D laser scan data collection system

在计算机视觉激光扫描测量系统中 ,物体的空间坐标与计算机图像坐标之间存在着复杂的非线性映射关系。通过建立基于一阶径向畸变的摄像机数学模型 ,用线性方程组描述了三维空间坐标点与计算机图像坐标点的关系 ,利用带有 3 0个标准圆孔的金属平面孔型靶标对由两个摄像机构成的摄像机参数标定 ,提出“两步法”对摄像机模型参数逐步求解 ,从而彻底改变了传统的摄像机标定依赖于非线性优化方法。实验证明 ,这种标定新技术较以往算法更为快速、简便、实用 。

There is complex nonlinear mapping between the object space and image space in the 3D machine vision metrology based on the computer vision laser scan measuring system. Described the points relations between the object space and image space in linear equation by establishing one stair radial-distorted camera model, and calibrated the camera exterior parameters and interior parameters by making use of the calibration piece which has thirty criterion round holes. Put forward the two-stage technique and provided a linear algorithm instead of traditional nonlinear optimization, completed the camera calibration. It is proved that the new technique shows high accuracy practicality and simplicity and high precision by experiment.