国际贸易、经济发展和收入分配

International Trade, Economic Development and Income Distribution

本文应用超边际分析方法 (即边际分析和总的成本 -效益分析的组合 )考察了分工、市场容量、生产率和收入分配不平等之间的关系。我们利用一个包含交易成本及内生和外生比较优势的模型证明了 ,随着交易条件的改进 ,一般均衡结构不连续地从自给自足跳到只有部分分工的二元结构 ,然后再跳到完全分工 ,此时二元结构消失。在这个过程中 ,均衡的不平等程度是波动的 ,收入分配不平等与经济发展之间的关系既非单调增加的亦非单调减少的 ,也不是倒 U形曲线关系。经济和贸易发展的关键驱动力是交易条件的改进。

This paper applies the infra\|marginal analysis, which is a combination of marginal and total cost\|benefit analysis, to investigate the relationship between division of labor, the extent of the market, productivity, and inequality of income distribution. The model with transaction costs and exogenous and endogenous comparative advantages shows that as trading efficiency is improved, the general equilibrium discontinuously jumps from autarky to partial division of labor with a dual structure, then to the complete division of labor where dual structure disappears. In this process the equilibrium degree of inequality fluctuates. The relationship between inequality and productivity is neither monotonically positive nor monotonically negative. It might not be of inverted U\|curve. The key driving force of economic development and trade is improvement in trading efficiency.