二十世纪上半叶华北水井的使用与管理

Usage and management of wells in North China in the early 20th

由于华北降水稀少 ,气候干燥 ,水对华北农业具有非常重要的意义。在二十世纪上半叶 ,华北农田灌溉面积中有 80 % - 90 %是用水井进行灌溉。同时 ,由于人畜饮水也主要依赖于水井 ,水井对华北村落的地理分布与规模具有重要影响。在二十世纪上半叶的华北农村中 ,流行着一系列的关于灌溉井与饮水井使用的惯例 ,这些惯例在一定程度上反映了二十世纪上半叶华北农村社会的一些重要特征。

Due to low precipitation and high evaporation, wate r played a very important role in agriculture of North China. In the early 20th, 80%-90% of irrigated fields were irrigated by wells. At the same time, people and farming animals also relied on wells for drinking. In some way wells determined the distribution and scales of villages of North China. A set of rules and habits on the usage of wells showed some important characters of rural societies of North China.