从地震信息看中国东部垂直构造样式及油气

Seismic Information Shows Styles of Vertical Structures and the Relationship of Them with Hydrocarbon Accumulation in Eastern China

所讨论的垂直构造是石油勘探中最常见的小尺度局部升降作用所引起的各种构造 ,按成因可分为跨塌构造、压实构造、底辟构造三类样式。垮塌构造样式是碎屑岩沉积盆地基底的碳酸盐岩地层长期被地下水溶解形成地下大溶洞 ,造成上部地层垮塌而形成的堑背形构造样式 ;压实构造由沉积压实作用所致 ,可分为基底古隆起披覆构造样式和差异压实披覆构造样式等 ;底辟构造 (又称“挤入构造”)是塑性岩层在外力作用下发生底辟作用而产生的 ,分刺穿底辟和拱形底辟两种 ,或冷底辟和热底辟两类。莺歌海盆地发育众多的地震异常体 ,呈底辟状 ,但比较特殊 ,可称为气烟筒 ,与通常的底辟具本质之别。中国东部中、新生代盆地中普遍发育垂直构造 ,它们与沉积作用同步发生 。

Vertical structures that are common in exploration are resulted from small scale of vertically gravitational elevation and subsidence. Vertical structures are generally developed in the Mesozoic and Cenozoic basins in eastern China. As having synchronously yielded with sedimentation, Vertical structures are commonly no obviously compacted and folded deformation common. In original classification, vertical structures can be collapsing, compacted and diapirized in style. Subdivision of styles can be sorted and their features are introduced and analyzed in detail in this paper. In Yingge Sea Basin, there are a number of seismic abnormal structures, which are diapir-liked, called ”gas pipestems”, and in fact are different with the common diapirs in essential.