孟子的人格自由论研究

On the Mencius' Theory of Personality Freedom

人格的独立性是孟子"人格自由论"的立论前提,这也是孟子以及有骨气的知识分子与无道的统治者尖锐对立的必然结果。"诚"既是人之所以为人的本体实在,又是人道与天道彼此摩荡的本体基础。因此,"诚身"、"明善"既是形而下的工夫也是宗教性的提升,由此而与天相接,焕发出了人性中美、大、圣、神的创造性。《孟子》的"知言养气章"由以言养勇、以气养勇、以志养勇三个阶梯构成,在比较中显发"浩然之气"的主体人格。三者彼此激发,富有内在的张力。

The independence of the personality is the prerequisite of Mencius'theory of personality freedom, and this is the result of the sharp opposites between Mencius and the amoral rulers. Cheng(诚) is the core of human being and the base of Rendao(人道)and Tiandao(天道). Chengshen(诚身), Mingshan(明善) are not only the reality workmanship, but also the transcendence of religion, which glowed with the creativeness of Mei(美)?Da(大)?Sheng(圣)?Shen(神)in the human nature. There are three steps of speech,soul and will to raise Yong(勇),which showed the subjective personality. The three aspects above urge each other and suffuse the inner tension.