政治学研究方法的悖论——兼论行为主义政治学的启示及教训

Dilemma in Methodology of Political Research

行为主义政治学在20世纪中期的兴衰,反映了政治学研究方法内在的矛盾性、特殊性和复杂性,这集中体现为研究对象和研究主体之间的矛盾、研究目的与研究手段之间的矛盾、科学方法与意识形态之间的两难关系。为此,构建有中国特色的新的政治学研究方法论,必须正确处理好这几对矛盾关系。这种新的方法论,应该是多元的、开放的。就其理论主张而言,它既强调政治学研究的政治性,又强调政治学研究的科学性;既能客观反映现实政治生活,又能倡导政治生活的理想。

Political Behavioralism's rise and decline in 20^(th) century reflected the internal contradiction, particularity and complexity, which centralized in contradiction between the research object and research main body, conflict between the research aim and research means, dilemma between scientific methods and ideology or political value. Therefore, we must deal with these contradiction relations in correct attitude to construct a new methodology of political research. This new methodology should be multi-dimension and open. As for its viewpoint, it should not only stress the political character in political research, but also stress its scientific character. More important, it can not only reflect realistic political life impersonally, but also spark plug an ideal of political life.