柴达木盆地油气藏开发与环境保护

Development of oil-gas reservoirs and environmental protection in Qaidam Basin, China

柴达木盆地内油气藏主要分布在三个地区:西部茫崖含油气区、北缘含油气区和东部三湖天然气区。盆地内荒漠、盐碱广布,生态环境极其脆弱。油气藏开发时产生的污染源可归纳为三类:气态污染源、液态污染源、固态污染源。油气藏开发过程中的环保技术可分为五大类:物理改性处理法、化学改良处理法、物理化学处理法、废物综合利用法、生物降解处理法。柴达木盆地有丰富的矿产资源,盆地内的油气藏开发不能以牺牲生态环境为代价,而必须走资源开发的"生态矿业"之路。

The Qaidam Basin is located in the northwest of Qinghai of China. It is about 120 000 km^2. The oil and gas reservoirs are distributed mainly over three districts: the Mangya oil- and gas-bearing area in the west, the oil- and gas-bearing area in the north edge, and the natural gas-bearing area of the three lakes in the east. Desert and saline-alkali areas are widely distributed in the basin, which is a most weak area of ecological environment. The contaminative sources produced by developing oil and gas reservoirs in the Qaidam Basin can be included as three types, that is, air pollution, liquid pollution and solid pollution. The environmental protection technology used in developing oil and gas reservoirs in the area can be divided into five major types. They are the method to change the physical property of contaminants, the method to improve the chemical property of contaminants, the method to synthetically handle contaminants to change their physicochemical properties, the biodegradation method, and the method to use contaminants synthetically. There are rich mineral resources in the Qaidam Basin. The authors thinh that people can't sacrifice the ecological environment for developing oil and gas reservoirs in the basin, but must take the 'eco-mineral industry' road in the natural resources development.