古代中国言·象·意结构之初形

Original Form of Structure of Words, Image and Idea in Ancient China

直到晚周诸子的时代,百家争鸣,言辩盛行。在这种学风影响下,言用制度和志意内涵均有新异的变化。而与之同步,晚周用象形制也发生新变,出现一种新质的用象形态——观念具象。它有三个基本特性:(一)具象不是独立外在的实物,而以物象的寓意为条件,呈现为一种观念属性;(二)用象是自由灵便的,一方面人为因素增强,可以随意地从物类中抽取观念属性,并在不同物类之间建立观念联属,另一方面用象形制的自足自由程度提高;(三)观念属性的凸显,使用象形制脱落礼仪程式之媒介,而完全依赖语言这种媒质,晚周诸子用象的提示语"如"、"若"、"譬"等词,大多从口从言,显示了观念具象的言象媒介情态。就是在观念具象的融介下,言语与志意达至深度沟通,并形成了中国最早的言·象·意结构模型。

Under the influence of the academic atmosphere of contention of one hundred schools of thought in late Zhou Dynasty,the system of language and intension of idea all experienced an extraordinary change.Simultaneously,a new image form,the so-called ideaistic image,came into being.It has three basic characters:the image is not dependent,but under the condition of the meaning of things,and present a ideaistic attribute;the image is free and ingenious,on the one hand,the artificial factor is enhancing,and on the other hand,the degree of its freedom is increasing;the appearance of the ideaistic attribute had made it totally dependent on the media of language.Just through the mergence of ideaistic attribute,language and idea got deep communication,and then formed the earliest structure mode of language,image and idea.