道德的起源和目的:从个人道德需要看

Origin and Purpose of Morality as Seen from the Demand of Personal Morality

道德起源于社会的道德需要,亦即起源于社会存在发展之需要;个人道德需要———亦即完善自我品德的需要———则起源于道德,是道德被遵守从而得到实现的途径和手段。因此,道德的起源和目的只能是他律的,只能是为了道德之外的他物,亦即保障社会存在发展、增进每个人利益;而不可能是自律的,不可能是为了道德自身、为了完善每个人的品德。这就是被道德的最为深刻的本质———道德和美德是一种必要恶———所决定的道德起源和目的之客观定律。

Morality originates from the demand for soical morality,namely,the demand for developing social being;while the demand for personal morality,namely,the demand for perfecting self-moral character,originates from morality,it is the way and the means by which morality can be observed and thus realized.Therefore,origin and purpose of morality can only be heteronomy,can only be worked for other thing beyond morality,namely,for ensuring the development of social being and for promoting interest of everyone;they can not be autonomic,can not be worked for morality itself and for perfecting the moral character of everyone.This is just an objective law that origin and purpose of morality are determined by the most profound essence of morality,namely,morality and virtue are a necessary evil.