心理学中的因果决定论和自由意志论

Decisive Law of Causality and Freedom of Will in Western Psychology

西方主流心理学中既存在着一味模仿自然科学 ,过于推崇实证和实验方法 ,只重视数量研究的倾向 ,同时还有另一种重视研究人的自由意志、意义、意识觉知和价值的人文主义心理学思想。两种研究取向的冲突涉及到因果决定论与自由意志论、人的心理现象与自然界的物理现象的本质区别 ,而在方法论层面则表现为辩证与实证以及响应与反应的对立。应当在重视心理学的科学性前提下 ,加强心理学与人性研究的联系 。

There are two lines of development in western psychology. One follows the nature science, i.e. excessively holding the principles of positivism and experimental method. Another attaches importance to humanistic value, such as freedom of the will, life meaning and awareness. The present paper carries out an analysis of the conflict between the two lines of development. It reveals the essential difference between the law of causality and freedom of the will, and that between the mental and physical phenomena. And the corresponding methodological difference lies in the balance between dialectic and positive, or telosponse and response opposition. The author holds that development of psychology should observe both the study of human nature and social science.