水产养殖中的环境胁迫及其预防——营养学途径

Stress in Aquaculture and Its Prevention with Emphasis on Nutritional Methods

环境胁迫强弱程度的不同对养殖动物的生理功能、免疫力、生长和繁殖有不同程度的负面影响。本文综述近 10多年来关于水产养殖环境胁迫的最新研究成果 ,重点介绍如何通过营养调控提高养殖动物的抗胁迫能力 ,以缓解或减轻环境胁迫所带来的负面效应。并指出未来的重要研究方向是探讨提高养殖动物抗胁迫能力的途径和作用机制。

Stress in aquaculture is a stimulus of environmental factors acting on aquatic organisms that are unable to maintain a normal physiologic state because of various factors adversely affecting its well-being. The stresses in aquaculture can be divided into four categories: physical stress, chemical stress, biological stress and management stress. The evaluation indices for stresses include blood cortisol, glucose, lactate, catecholamine and heat shock protein, etc. Stresses usually have negative effects on the physiology, growth and reproduction, immunity, and disease resistance of aquatic animals. In order to prevent stresses or alleviate their negative influences, stressors should be removed and/or the stress resistance of animals should be enhanced. In this paper, the available literature in the past 10 years on aquaculture stresses are reviewed and discussed, with emphasis on nutritional methods for stresse influence minimization. The mechanism for the prevention of stresses or the alleviation their influence of through nutritional modulation needs further studies.