乡村景观功能评价

Preliminary researches on the functional evaluation of rural landscape

乡村景观功能评价的目的是对乡村景观所发挥的经济功能、社会功能、生态功能和美学功能进行合理评价 ,揭示现有乡村景观中存在的问题和确定将来发展的方向 ,为乡村景观规划与设计提供理论依据。探讨了乡村景观功能评价的内涵 ,并根据乡村景观所具有的 3方面功能 ,初步构建了由项目层、因素层和指标层所组成的评价指标体系。在此基础上建立了综合评判模型 ,以北京市顺义区 9个乡镇作为评价对象 ,得到如下结果 :(1)龙湾屯镇和木林镇景观的社会功能较低 ,须通过农业科技园区的建设 ,实现区域农业结构的调整优化 ,提高农产品商品率和农产品供求状况 ;(2 )李桥镇和南彩镇景观的生态功能较低 ,开展景观规划与设计时 ,特别注重功能组团设计 ,保留果园、林地、农田、水域等自然景观类型 ,提高景观的生态稳定性 ;(3)赵全营镇和李桥镇景观的美学功能较低 ,应注重环境保护、新旧建筑间的衔接 ,提高绿色覆盖度 ,从而使景观的有序性、环境状况和自然性得到增强 ;(4 )景观功能评价综合指数处在“较好”标准的有张镇、北务镇和高丽营镇 ,处在“一般”标准的有北小营镇、李桥镇、木林镇、赵全营镇 ,处在“较差”标准的有南彩镇、龙湾屯镇。评价结果基本与实际相符 ,说明建立的评价指标体系与模型是可行的。

The general purposes of integrated rural landscape evaluation are to appropriately assess social, economic, ecological, and aesthetic functions of rural landscapes, to identify problems that might exist in the present state, to point out potential directions of future development, and to provide bases for optimal planning and designing of rural landscapes. In this paper, the meaning of functional evaluation of rural landscape was probed. On the basis of three functions of rural landscape, an index system including item, factor and index was constructed. Based on this,the model of integrative evaluation was constructed, and applied to nine towns in Shunyi district, Beijing City. The following results were obtained: (1) The social function of landscape in LongWanTun town and MuLin town is relatively low. So it is necessary to establish agricultural science park, to realize structural readjustment and optimization of regional agriculture, and to improve the ratio of transforming agricultural product into commodities and supplies and requirement of agricultural product in LongWanTun town and MuLin town. (2) The ecological function of landscape in LiQiao town and NanCai town is relatively low.When planning and designing landscape in LiQiao town and NanCai town, we should especially pay attention to design functional combination, to conserve natural landscape components such as orchard, woodland, cropland and water area. , so that the ecological stability landscape in LiQiao town and NanCai town can be improved. (3)The aesthetic function of landscape in LiQiao town and NanCai town is relatively low. Designers should pay attention to protect environment and link new architecture to old architecture, and improve greenness coverage. (4) The final evaluation results for evaluation in ZhangZhen town, BeiWu town GaoLiYing town were “better”. those for BeiXiaoYing town,LiQiao town,MuLin town and ZhaoQuanYing town were “ordinary”, and those for NanCai town, LongWanTun town were “worse”. The results are basically consistent with facts of nine towns,so the index system and model of evaluation are justified.