河南省不同纬度生态环境对三种筋型小麦淀粉糊化特性的影响

Environmental effects of different latitudes on starch paste property of three types of gluten wheat in He′nan Province

选用 6个有代表性的强、中、弱筋冬小麦品种在河南省 5个纬度点 (32～ 36 0°N )种植 ,研究了 3种筋型小麦品种淀粉糊化特性在不同纬度生态环境条件下的变化。结果表明 :基因型和环境对糊化特性均有显著或极显著影响 ,其中生态环境的影响较大 ,而且峰值粘度、低谷粘度、稀懈值、最终粘度值均表现为随纬度升高而增加的趋势 ,而糊化时间的变化规律不明显。淀粉糊化特性指标的变异系数为低谷粘度 >峰值粘度 >最终粘度 >稀懈值 >糊化时间。 6个供试品种中 ,弱筋型小麦豫麦 5 0的淀粉糊化特性指标值最低 ,变异系数最大。播种至成熟期总积温、总日照时数与淀粉糊化特性指标均呈正相关 ,总降雨量与其均呈负相关。相关分析和逐步回归结果表明 ,5月份灌浆期不同阶段气象因子对淀粉品质性状的影响效应不同 ,其中上、下旬气象因子与淀粉糊化特性的关系更密切。据此对小麦淀粉品质改良、区域化种植和优质高效栽培提出了一些建议。

Six wheat cultivars that represent strong, medium-strong and weak gluten properties were cultivated at five locations (from 32~N to 36~N) in Henan province to evaluate the variation of starch paste property. Results indicated that both the genotype and environment had significant effect on paste property of starch, but the effect of environment was more pronounced; values of peak viscosity, trough viscosity, breakdown and final viscosity showed an upward tendency with increasing latitude, whereas the variation of paste time was irregular. The variation coefficient of the starch paste property followed the order of: trough viscosity>peak viscosity>final viscosity>breakdown>paste time. Among the six cultivars,Yumai50 had the lowest levels of starch paste property but with the largest variation coefficient. The correlation analysis showed positive relationships between the paste property and the accumulative temperature, sunshine hours, but a negative correlation was found between the paste property and the precipitation. The results of correlation analysis and stepwise regression also indicated that climate factors of different filling stages in May had different effects on the paste property, and that the paste property was more closely related to the climate of the first and the last 10-day period than the second 10-day period of May. Some suggestions were made on the improvement of starch property and regions suitable for planting for quality of winter wheat.