水肥运筹对小麦旗叶光合特性及产量的影响

Effects of irrigation and fertilizer application regimes on photosynthetic characteristics of flag leaves and yield traits of wheat

研究了不同灌水次数及等氮量不同施氮方式对优质强筋小麦品种郑麦9023旗叶净光合速率(Pn)、叶绿素荧光参数等光合性能及产量的影响。结果表明,旗叶Pn、PS 的潜在活性(Fv/Fo)、PS 的光化学最大效率(Fv/Fm)、光化学猝灭系数(qP)、非光化学猝灭系数(qN)及产量在不同灌水次数间的差异均达到显著或极显著水平,其中不灌水处理与灌水处理间的差异较大;在不同施氮处理间,氮肥全部基施与返青期追施(占40%)处理间植株旗叶的Pn、Fv/Fo、Fv/Fm、qP和qN差异不大,但两处理的上述光合参数及产量均明显低于拔节期或孕穗期追施(40%)处理,表明拔节期或孕穗期追施氮肥有助于减缓旗叶光合功能的衰退,延长叶片功能期,提高植株的光合产物积累。研究结果还表明,水、氮运筹对Pn、叶绿素荧光参数及产量性状的调控存在显著的互作效应,其中以灌拔节水+孕穗水并于孕穗期追施氮肥(W2N4)处理组合表现最好。

Study was carried out on net photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of flag leaves of wheat cultivar Zhengzhou 9023 under limited irrigation and nitrogen application regimes. The results indicated that significant difference existed among irrigation treatments on grain yields and the photosynthetic parameters such as net photosynthetic rate(Pn),PSⅡ potential activity(Fv/Fo),the maximal quantum efficiency(Fv/Fm)of PSⅡ, photochemical quenching coefficient(qP) and non-photochemical quenching coefficient(qN).And the difference between non-irrigation and irrigation treatments was much greater than that between irrigation treatments, which showed that water scarcity had significant effects on grain yield and photosynthetic characteristics. As for different nitrogen application regimes (under the same irrigation and nitrogen application amount), none obvious difference was found between treatments of complete top-dressing and applied (40% of the total nitrogen) at re-growth stages, this indicated that nitrogen application during later stages of wheat development would obviously improve photosynthetic of flag leaves and grain yields, meanwhile significant interactions were also found between irrigation and nitrogen application.