微生物铝毒和耐铝机制的研究现状

Study on Aluminum Toxicity and Tolerance Mechanisms of Microorganisms

铝是地球上含量最为丰富的金属元素 ,在酸性条件下 ,主要以Al3+ 存在。Al3+ 作为一种严重的环境毒剂 ,已经在众多模式生物中所证明。近年来 ,许多生物学家已日益注意到铝毒和耐铝性在环境科学与生命科学领域的重要性。结合研究工作 ,综述了微生物铝毒害和耐铝的机制。微生物通过①增强分泌有机酸与Al3+ 螯合 ,②超表达Mg2 + 通道蛋白 ,增强细胞转运吸收Mg2 + ,③通过线粒体ATPase和液泡ATPase协同作用将Al3+ 隔离于液泡内 ,以及④通过氧化胁迫改变、调节Al3+ 毒害和耐铝性 ,减缓Al3+ 对细胞的毒害。

Aluminum (Al) is the most abundant metal on earth and is solubilized to toxic level as the free Al^(3+) under acidic conditions. It is a serious environmental toxicant and is inimical to biota, which has been testified in many model organisms. In recent years, biologists have become more aware of the importance of the mechanisms of Al-toxicity and Al-tolerance in environmental and life sciences. In this paper, we reviewed four mechanisms of Al toxicity and tolerance in microorganisms, including (1) excreting organic acids to chelate Al^(3+), (2) overexpressing Mg^(2+) transporter protein to transport Mg^(2+) into the cell, (3) segregating Al^(3+) in vacuole by F-1F-0-ATPase and V-ATPase to eliminate the toxicity of Al^(3+) and (4) regulating the oxidative stress to modify the Al toxicity and tolerance mechanism in microorganisms.