应用生态学的现状与展望

Applied ecology:Retrospect and prospect

应用生态学是迅猛发展的现代生态学的主体 .寻求解决人口、资源、环境等问题是应用生态学发展的主要动力 .经过 4 0年的发展 ,应用生态学已发展成为一个庞大的学科门类 .应用生态学未来的发展应更多地关注受人类影响和管理的生态系统并将人视为生态系统的组成成分 .应用生态学在当前和今后应给予优先重视的研究领域 ,包括生态系统与生物圈的可持续利用、生态系统服务与生态设计、转基因生物的生态学评价、生物入侵生态学、流行病生态学、生态预报、生态过程及其调控等 .在今后若干年内 ,围绕这些领域 ,可能会出现广泛而活跃的研究热潮以及一些新的特点 .

Applied ecology is evolved into a principal part of modern ecology that rapidly develops.The major stimulus for the development of applied ecology roots in seeking the solutions for the problems of human populations,resources and environments.Through four decades,the science of applied ecology has been becoming a huge group of disciplines.The future for the applied ecology should concern more with human-influenced and managed ecosystems,and acknowledge humans as the components of ecosystems.Nowadays and in future,the top-priorities in applied ecology should include following fields:sustainable ecosystems and biosphere,ecosystem services and ecological design,ecological assessment of genetically modified organisms,ecology of biological invasions,epidemical ecology,ecological forecasting,ecological process and its control.The authors believe that the comprehensive and active research hotspots coupled some new traits would occur around these fields in foreseeable future.