黑土农田土壤肥力质量综合评价

Comprehensive evaluation of cultivated black soil fertility

黑土是我国东北主要土壤类型之一 ,也是我国宝贵的土壤资源 .本项研究在分析了黑土南北样带上采集的 115个土样理化性质的基础上 ,建立黑土肥力评价指标体系 ,运用模糊数学和因子分析方法对黑土肥力水平进行评估、分级 .采用地理信息系统软件ArcInfo绘制黑土区土壤肥力状况图 .研究发现 ,深厚黑土主要分布于黑土区北部 ,中厚与薄层黑土则分别集中在黑土区的中部和南部 ,这主要与黑土分布区的气候条件和黑土的成土过程有关 .另外 ,黑土肥力水平分布规律在东西向为东高西低 ;南北向为中部最高 ,北部次之 ,南部最低 ,且大部分地区肥力水平处于中等 ,占整个黑土区的 73 6 % .

Black soil is one of the main soil types in northeastern China,and is a valuable soil resource of this country.Based on the analysis of the physical and chemical properties of soil samples collected from the north-south transaction of black soil,the index system of black soil fertility was established,the fertility level was evaluated and classified by Fuzzy and Factor Analysis,and the fertility map of black soil zone was drawn with GIS software ArcInfo.It was found that the humus layer in black soil region was thick in north and thin in south,which was due to the climatic condition and soil-forming process.The soil fertility level was high in east and low in west.From north to south,it was decreased in the order of central part >northern part >south part.In most part of this region,soil fertility level was medium,and the area accounted for 73.6% of the black soil area.