苔藓植物生态功能的研究进展

Research advances in bryophyte ecological function.

苔藓植物虽然个体较小 ,但种类很多 ,约有 2 30 0 0多种 ,是生物多样性的重要组成部分 .过去的研究多集中在分类和区系方面 ,其在生态系统中的作用 ,即生态功能 ,一直没有引起足够的认识 .苔藓植物对环境有较强的适应能力 ,在多种极端环境下都有分布 ,同时对土壤有一定的改造能力 .苔藓植物有很强的吸水、保水能力 ,尤其是树附生苔藓植物能够吸收很大部分的降水 ,其水文作用相当明显 .苔藓植物通过体表吸收了大量的养分元素 ,以往常常忽略其在养分循环中的作用 .在一些极端环境中苔藓植物是重要的初级生产者 ,泥炭藓的生物量更是相当巨大 ,可能是重要的C汇 .苔藓植物对大气及重金属污染反应非常明显 ,可以作为良好的生物指示剂 .本文综述了苔藓植物生态功能的研究进展 ,以期促进更加广泛地开展苔藓植物生态功能的研究 .

Though the body of bryophyte is small,its species is abundant (about 23000),being an important part of biodiversity.The previous studies were focused on its taxology,while its ecological functions in ecosystem were ignored.Bryophyte can adapt to various environments,distribute in many extreme surroundings,and has rebuilding ability to environments.It has a very strong ability of holding and absorbing water,especially the epiphytic bryophyte can intercept a great deal of rain,and its function in water circulation is very obvious.Bryophyte can absorb a lot of nutrient elements by body surface,but its function in nutrient cycling was usually ignored.In some extreme environments,bryophyte is the important primary producer.Sphagnum biomass is more enormous,and maybe,is the important C pool.Bryophyte can sensitively response to the air and heavy metal pollution,and is a kind of bio-indicators.In order to promote the further studies on bryophyte ecological function,the related research advances were reviewed in this paper.