利用静止卫星资料跟踪沙尘天气的发生、发展及其传输

Dust Event and Its Formation, Development and Transportation Based on Satellite Data

利用静止气象卫星(GMS 5)高分辨数字资料(展宽数字资料,S VISSR)和低分辨模拟云图(WEFAX),结合沙尘暴在云图上的主要特征为,建立两种方法利用GMS资料显示沙尘暴的发生、发展和传输过程。并利用EP TOMS卫星遥感资料结合地面气象观测记录,分析了2000年4月24日～26日和2001年3月21～22日影响我国的大部分地区的典型沙尘暴天气过程。揭示了沙尘天气对大气环境质量的影响。沙尘天气发生时北京出现5级重污染天气,大气可吸入颗粒物浓度从2001年3月19日的0 253mg m3猛增到3月22日的0 616mg m3,增加了将近2 5倍。从沙尘天气传输路径上若干城市2001年3月15日至25日大气可吸入颗粒物浓度的逐日变化,在长江中下游地区的几个城市大气颗粒物浓度的峰值出现在3月23日,这说明此次沙尘天气的影响范围很广。

Based on the Geostationary Meteorological Satellite(GMS-5) data and combing the dust storm major characters in nephogram, two display methods of dust storm using geostationary meteorological satellite data were used in this paper. The formation, development and transportation of two cases of dust storm influenced north region of China have been open out, at same time, the weather record from meteorological station distributed all over China and EP/TOMS aerosol index, which are released by National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) of American have been used. The air pollution data comes from the samples analysis and Chinese environment monitoring station. Two typical dust storm events (24^(th) to 26^(th) March, 2000 and 21^(st) to 25^(th) March, 2001) have been studied carefully compare with the atmospheric pollution monitoring data.The results show that during the dust storm, the air quality decrease rapidly and it causes heavy pollution. The concentration of particles (PM10) in air may increase from 0.253mg/m^3(19^(th) March) of the beginning of dust storm to 0.616mg/m^3(22^(nd) March) of the peak periods of dust storm in Beijing, almost 2.5 times of its initial periods. The increase of particle in air of Tianjin is 4.6 times of its initial periods, from 0.178mg/m^3 to 0.815 mg/m^3. Due to the dust storm, the heavy pollution occurred in Dalian at 22^(nd) March. The affected region of dust storm from 15^(th) to 25^(th) March, 2001 is vast, it can influenced Yangzhi river region, in that areas the peak of particles occur in 23^(rd) March. The initial sources of 21^(st) to 22^(nd) March, 2001 are located in Mongolia and there are two major transport pathway to influenced north of China, one of them belongs to northern pathway, initial in Mongolia and went through Xilinhot, Duolun, Zhangjiakou and affected Beijing, another is northwest pathway, initial in west region of Inner Mongolia and went through Ejina, Wulatehouqi, Dongsheng, Huhehot, Datong and affected Beijing.