东北地区湿地资源动态分析

Dynamic Change of Wetland Resources in Northeast of China

该文以1986年和2000年遥感影像作为基本信息源,在遥感和GIS技术支持下,建立了东北地区湿地空间数据库,分析了该区湿地资源动态变化情况,并从土地利用方面阐述了其变化原因。得出的基本结论为: ①15年来,该区人工湿地增加,天然湿地减少,反映了人为干扰不断加强,湿地生态系统服务功能下降。其中,人工湿地中灌溉水田增加尤为突出,天然湿地中沼泽地的减少最为明显; ②15年间,湿地资源的动态变化具有区域性,虽然总体而言,三省天然湿地都在减少,人工湿地都在增加,但黑龙江湿地类型变化幅度最大,辽宁次之,吉林变化较小; ③东北湿地变化的原因在于气候变化、人口增长和土地利用方式的改变,其中土地利用主要包括大量开垦、土地改良、围湖造田、农业产业结构调整、城市化等原因。

As we all know, wetland plays a very important role in ecological systems. There is a great area of wetland in the northeast of China. Some scholars already did a lot of researches on the wetland in this area. In this essay, the author laid stress on the change of the wetland in this area from the point of remote sensing and geographic information system. Remote sensing images of 1986 and 2000 were collected firstly. Then, with the help of GIS software, the images were interpreted and the wetland spatial database in the Northeast of China was built up. On the basis of it, the change of wetland resource in this area was analyzed too. Finally, the reason for the change was discussed from the point of land use. Three essential conclusions are drawn as follows: Firstly, because of the human activity during the past 15 years, the area of artificial wetland increased and that of natural wetland decreased. It is the reflection of the decrease of the wetland ecosystem services function. Among artificial wetlands, the area of irrigative paddy field increased the most. Among natural wetlands, the area of swamp decreased the most. Secondly, the extent of wetland change differs in three provinces. On a whole, the area of natural wetland decreased and that of artificial wetland increased in Heilongjiang province, Jilin province and Liaoning province, but as far as the area change is concerned, there is difference among these three provinces. The wetland area of Heilongjiang province changed the most, then the Liaoning province, finally the Jilin province. In the end of this essay, the reasons for the dynamic change of wetland resources are analyzed. The reason mainly lies in the change of climate, increase of population and the change of the methods of land use. As far as the methods of land use are concerned, there are heavy reclamation, land improvement, urbanization and adjustment of industry construction and so on.