滇西岩溶山区土壤生态系统的退化与恢复重建

Degradation of Soil Ecosystem and Its Restoration in Mountainous Karst Area, Western Yunnan

退化土壤的恢复是目前生态重建中的一个难点,特别是岩溶地区土壤生态系统的恢复.对云南西部岩溶地区洱源县炼铁山区土壤退化现状和土壤特性的分析研究表明:人为活动已引起岩溶山区土壤生态系统不同程度的退化;不论是次生林或人工林,还是坡耕地、果园和桉树林,与人为干扰较小的阔叶林相比,都呈现明显的退化现象;而坡耕地和桉树林的退化尤为严重.在分析云南西部岩溶山区土壤退化状况及退化机制的基础上,提出了恢复措施.

Restoration of degraded soils is a difficult problem in ecological reconstruction, especially in Karst area where the soil ecosystem is fragile and could easily become stony desert by erosion without plant cover. The degradation status and characteristics of the soils in the mountainous Karst region around the steel plant in Er'yuan County were studied. The results showed that human disturbances caused soil degradation in varied soil utilization types to different extent including secondary forests, planted coniferous forests, orchards, slop cropland and eucalyptus forests compared with natural ones. The degradation was especially severe in slop cropland and eucalyptus forests. Suggestions and measures for soil ecosystem restoration were proposed on the basis of having analyzed the degraded status and degradation mechanism in the mountainous Karst area, west of Yunnan Province.