财产所有权、企业所有权与按生产要素分配

Property Ownership, Enterprises' Possessory Title to Property, and Allocation According to Factors

本文主要分析要素财产所有权和企业所有权所赋予按生产要素分配方式的特殊含义。文章认为,要素财产私人所有制和私人所有权使其所有者获得了法律上的参与社会财富分配的平等权利,形成了一种表面上看来非常对称的“五位一体”的收入分配方式,掩盖了这种分配方式中存在的非劳动要素所有者无偿占有并瓜分劳动者创造的剩余价值这个基本事实;在现实生活中,是企业所有权而不是要素财产所有权支配着企业生产成果的分配。这对按生产要素分配方式产生了重大的影响,使按要素分配的客体、主体和分配原则都发生了重大变化。这些变化是要素财产所有权向企业所有权转变的必然结果。文章指出,把要素所有者与企业所有者、要素财产所有权与企业所有权区别开来对于理解按要素分配方式的特殊性非常重要,正是二者的差别,生产要素所有者在法律上的平等权利才导致了不同生产要素所有者经济上的不平等和社会地位上的差别。

In this paper the author focuses on the analysis of the special meaning of allocation according to factors that is given by possessory title to factors and enterprises' possessory tide to property.The author believes that private ownership of factor endows owners of factors the right of participating in allocation by law .Anyway, in the allocation owners of non-labor factors always seize the surplus value produced by laborers.In real situation.it is enterprises' possessory title to property rather than the possessory title to factors that dominants the allocation of production achievement,which exert a great influence over factors' participating in allocation.The author points out that the difference between owners of factors and owners of enterprises, and the difference between possessory title to factors and enterprises' possessory title to property lead to the economic unfair and different social status of owners of different factors.