1978-1984年中国经济体制改革思路的演进——决策与实施

Evolution of the Thinking on China's Economic Restructuring from 1978 to 1984-Decision-making and Implementation

中国的改革不是依据理论预设,而是诉诸实践和试验,从局部开始,“撞击—反射”式地推进。改革初期,从最初的放权让利到确立“有计划的商品经济”的改革方向,经历了重大的观念和理论的突破,包括激烈的争论。这种突破得益于理论界的不懈探索和领导人的正确决断。国际交往的扩大拓展了人们的视野,为反思中国体制弊端、探寻改革之道提供了多样性的参照物和丰富的思想资源。但是,对改革思路突破最有力的推动,还是实践本身。正是在总结中国自己的历史经验,同时吸收国外经验,了解和研究国外各种经济理论,特别是比较系统地汲取东欧国家改革经济学的成果的基础上,逐步形成了中国的改革学派,形成了以建立“社会主义商品经济”体制为核心的整套观点和政策主张。中共十二届三中全会通过关于经济体制改革的决定,标志着中国改革总体思路的一次重大突破。

China's reiorm is not predetermined by theory but based on practice and experiment. It started from some areas and has been going ahead in a bumping and reflecting way. In the early period of reform it was the significant conceptual and theoretical breakthrough, including intense debates, that made it possible for the reform to proceed from the initial step of 'granting power to lower levels and allowing them to keep a bigger share of profits' to the establishment of the orientation of 'a planned commodity economy. ' Such a breakthrough was accomplished thanks to the unceasing exploration of the theoretical circles and the correct decision-making by the leadership. The increased international exchanges broadened our vision and gave us more references and richer intellectual resources to reflect on institutional drawbacks and search for the ways of reform. But the most powerful driving force for the breakthrough came from practice. It was on the basis of summing up China's own historical experience and at the same time absorbing foreign experience, learning from and studying various economic theories, especially absorbing systematically the achievements of reform economics in Eastern European countries that the Chinese reform school gradually came into being and the whole set of viewpoints and policy propositions centering on 'the socialist commodity economy' took shape. The decision of the Third Plenary Session of the Twelfth Central Committee of the CPC on the economic restructuring marked an important breakthrough in the overall thinking on China's reform.