非对称双子季铵盐阳离子表面活性剂的合成及性能

Synthesis and properties of dissymmetric Gemini quaternary ammonium salts cationic surfactants

以十二烷基二甲基叔胺、盐酸、环氧氯丙烷为原料,合成了中间体N-(3-氯-2-羟丙基)-N,N-二甲基十二烷基氯化铵,后与3种不同烷基链长的长链烷基叔胺反应,得到3种非对称Gemini季铵盐阳离子表面活性剂(Ⅰ～Ⅲ)。通过IR光谱,1HNMR确证了中间体及目的产物的结构。测定了产物的临界胶束浓度cmc及γcmc。cmc分别为1 07×10-3mol·dm-3、1 99×10-3mol·dm-3和9 55×10-3mol·dm-3,γcmc分别为40 9mN·m-1、48 0mN·m-1和50 9mN·m-1。结果表明:所合成的非对称Gemini季铵盐阳离子表面活性剂具有较高的表面活性。

The intermediate N-(3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl)-N,N-dimethyldodecylammonium chloride was synthesized with N,N-dimethyl-dodecylamine,hydrochloric acid and epichlorohydrin as raw materials.Three dissymmetric Gemini quaternary ammonium salts cationic surfactant(Ⅰ～Ⅲ)were synthesized with the intermediate and three different kinds of N,N-dimethyl alkyl amine.Structure of the intermediate and aimed products were identified by^1HNMR and IR.The cmc and γ_(cmc) of these surfactants were determined.The cmc of them are (1.07×10^(-3) mol·dm^(-3));(1.99×10^(-3) mol·dm^(-3)) and 9.55×10^(-3) mol·dm^(-3) respectively,and γ_(cmc)of them are 40.9 mN·m^(-1);48.0 mN·m^(-1)and 50.9 mN·m^(-1) respectively.The results of the study showed that dissymmetric Gemini quaternary ammonium salts cationic surfactant have excellent surface active properties.