三峡库区地质灾害防治工作中的几个关键问题

Key Problems Controlling the Geological Hazards in the Three-Gorges Reservoir Area

针对三峡库区严重的地质灾害,提出了目前地质灾害防治工作中亟待解决的几个关键问题:一是重视开发能够模拟结构接触面力学特性的试验设备和相关测试技术,以有效确定崩滑体抗剪强度参数;二是要针对三峡库区库水涨落实际情况,规范适合于库区岸坡崩滑体稳定性分析评价的计算工况,为确定岸坡崩滑体整治工程措施提供理论依据;三是崩滑体监测工作发展的方向是开发具备无线传输,自动遥测功能的崩滑体监测系统,不仅要求自动化程度高,可长期连续观测,有利于及时捕捉崩塌、滑坡等地质灾害预警信号,而且其监测预报效果要好;四是运用现代非线性科学理论研究三峡库区地质灾害发生机制以及预测与控制是具有很大前途的。

The geological hazards poses a serious challenge to the ecological system in the region of the Three-Gorge Reservoir area, including landslides, rockfalls, debris flow and water quality control. This paper presents a systematic analysis of the key problems in controlling the geological hazards in the Three-Gorge reservoir area with focus on problems of landslides and rockfalls, and proposes solution measures in four main aspects: 1) development of reliable laboratory testing and field monitoring equipment and technology which can measure the hydro-mechanical properties of potential sliding surfaces, so to determinate the shear strength of a sliding landmass and its controlling parameters, especially over long periods of time and varying hydraulic conditions; 2) development of reliable methods of characterization of the water-level fluctuations of the reservoir as well as the vulnerable landmasses on its banks, and to standardize the methods for stability assessment of rockfalls and landslides with site specific geological and climatic conditions, and to provide the theoretic al foundations for predicting landmass movements and engineering measures for their prevention; 3) development of reliable in situ long-term monitoring technologies which can automatically and continuously collect the varied changes of key physical parameters controlling the evolution of moving landmasses, so to prepare the pre-sliding warning alarm information in time; 4) development of theoretical analysis tools based on the modern theory of nonlinear and irreversible processes, which is used to study the failure mechanism of rockfalls and landslides and their control methods.