论洋务官员企业制度思想的国家本位特征

The Characteristics of the State-based Enterprise System Thoughts of the Officials in the Westernization Movement

洋务官员受自身社会政治地位的束缚 ,主要从清政府国家利益的角度看待近代新式企业的社会作用。他们从新式企业对封建国家政治、军事、财政等方面的效用 ,来阐释发展新式企业的正当性与合理性。他们站在“富国”的立场上 ,强调要运用政治权力控制新式企业的经济活动 ,在企业组织形式、资本筹资、经营管理、盈利分配等各种具体制度安排上以国家为本位 ,由官府掌握企业的人事权和财权等 ,以富国、利国压抑富民、利民之举 ,忽视商人投资者的权利 。

Hampered by their social and political positions, the of ficials in the Westernization Movement valued the social function of modern enterprises mainly from the intere sts of the Qing Government. They affirmed the usefulness of modern enterprises from political, m ilitary and financial and other aspects, and explained the reasonableness and rightfulness i n developing modern enterprises. They emphasized utilizing political rights to control the ac tivities of enterprises, and laid down various state based systems through which government s could administer the personnel and financial affairs of enterprises. However, they ign ored the right of merchants and investors and brought about a lot of disadvantages to the enterpri ses in the Westernization Movement.