云南松针叶的比较形态学研究

A Study on the Comparative Morphology of Pinus yunnanensis Needles under Different Habitats

对分布在滇东南、滇中以及滇西北地区的10个云南松种群的针叶形态性状进行了系统地调查、统计和分析;结合生态因子分析了云南松种群的形态多样性及其生态适应性.云南松种群的针叶形态特征表现为多态性,从滇东南—滇中—滇西北,针叶长度逐渐减少、3针1束的比例、短枝上的针叶数目、针叶断面积表现出"小型化"的趋势.叶鞘的长度随着海拔高度的升高有增加的趋势.针叶的伸长生长通常表现出"优势针束优势生长"的原则.云南松针叶形态的多样性,是进化过程中的必然趋势,生态环境的复杂性与生态因子组合的多样性是云南松种群分化过程中不可缺少的重要条件.

The morphological characteristics of 10 Pinus yunnanensis.population needles,sampled from the south-east,mid-part and north-west of Yunnan plateau,were extensively investigated,observed and analyzed according to the principle and method of ecology and comparetive morphology. The morphological diversity and ecological adaptation were analyzed combined with the meteorological factors. The morphological characteristics of P. yunnanensis. needles presented polymorphism from south-east, mid-part to north-west of Yunnan plateau. With the altitude (sampled stripe) increasing,the general trend of the morphological variance presented the tendency of miniaturization:the length of needles,frequency of the 3 needles per bundle,needle number per bundle. The length of the needle presented 'preponderant needles,growing faster'. The long term adaptation and evolution molded the relatively steady of the morphology and structure. The diversity of morphology was obvious as a result of the ecological adaptation under the complicated geographical and ecological environment.