关节镜下双股半腱肌腱重建后十字韧带及相关问题的探讨

Arthroscopic reconstruction of posterior cruciate ligament using hamstring tendon transfer and e-val uation of its clinical evaluation

目的观察关节镜下双股半腱肌腱转移重建后十字韧带(posteriorcruciateligament,PCL)的效果,分析其影响因素。方法1998年6月～2002年6月共收治28例PCL损伤患者,男22例,女6例;年龄1831岁,平均25.5岁。使用开口螺旋肌腱剥离器剥离半腱肌腱,保留肌腱远端附着点,在靠近肌腱肌腹交界处切断,对折成两股,关节镜下重建PCL,内口侧使用可吸收挤压螺钉固定。结果术后平均随访33个月。后抽屉试验术前26例阳性,术后2例;Lachman试验术前均阳性,术后3例阳性,2例弱阳性;轴移试验术前12例阳性,术后均消失。随访评分采用IKDC评分方法:A级9例(32.1%),B级16例(57.1%),C级3例(10.8%);Lysholm膝关节功能评分为92.7分。结论关节镜下使用双股半腱肌腱转移重建PCL,通过两隧道转折处时,由于韧带两端无骨块,操作容易。可吸收挤压螺钉在隧道内口侧挤压固定,愈合后内口消失,避免隧道内口扩大导致韧带松弛、关节不稳。胫骨隧道外口原附着点附着牢固,股骨隧道外口固定坚强,重建韧带强度大。该手术还具有创伤小,能早期功能锻炼,并发症少等优点。

Objective The present was to report the methods of arthroscopic reconstruction of poste-rior cruciate ligament by a two-strand semitendinosus tendon autograft and evaluate its clinical results.Method From June1998through June2002,28cases had undergone arthroscopic restoration of a torn pos-terior cruciate ligament,including22female and6male patients with an average age of21years(range,18to31years).The time-interval between the sustained injury and the surgery was25days to3months.The causes of injury of posterior cruciate ligament were sport activity in6cases,traffic accident in18cases and fall down in4cases.All of the patients suffered from knee pain,knee laxity and atrophy of quadriceps femoris.The posterior drawer test was positive in26cases preoperatively,in which6cases were associated with positive anterior drawer test.The Lachmans test was positive in all of28cases preoperatively.The piv-ot shift test was positive in12cases preoperatively.The concomitant injuries consisted of anterior cruciate ligament injury in6cases,meniscal tear in8cases and medial collateral ligament injury in5cases.Results Follow-up period extended from27to48months (mean,33months).According to the international knee documentation committee(IKDC)activity grades,grade D were26cases,and grade C were2cases preoper-atively,while postoperatively,grade A were9cases,grade B16cases,and grade C3cases at the last fol-low-up.The clinical assessment judging by Lysholm knee functional scoring system,the average scores be-fore operation was65.5±3.6;however the scores increased to an average of92.7±3.6postoperatively.Con-clusion Arthroscopic reconstruction of injured posterior cruciate ligament using hamstring tendon transfer passes through the tunnel more smoothly than the bone-patellar tendon-bone because of no bone blocks,furthermore,the tunnel disappears after the screw is absorbed to avoid the impact of the ligament the inside tunnel and prevent the tunnel extending gradually to cause the ligament laxity and knee instability.The at-tachment of the tendon on the outlet of tibial tunnel and the rigid anchoring of ligament on the outlet of femoral tunnel could provide enough strength for constructed posterior cruciate ligament.So the patients could begin postoperative rehabilitation as soon as possible and recover functional activity earlier.