对城市生活垃圾管理和处置的探讨

Introduction and suggestions of municipal solid waste management and disposal

对我国城市生活垃圾管理与处置提出了一些建议.城市生活垃圾的处理方法主要有填埋、堆肥和焚烧.填埋法工艺简单,管理方便,投资少,适用范围广,又可做最终处置方法.我国是发展中国家,依据国情,大部分地区宜采用填埋法处理垃圾.目前,生活垃圾的资源化主要是对废塑料、废橡胶、废纸、废电池、电子废弃物、医疗废弃物和泔脚而言.这类生活垃圾性质特殊,经回收、处理后,再次利用可取得较好的经济效益,并能防止环境污染.在欧盟国家中,荷兰、德国的垃圾管理较成功,它们已经基本形成了一整套全面管理垃圾的标准、条例和法规,其中垃圾管理目标等级制度的建立和包装品废弃物的管理是很值得借鉴的.

Management and disposal of municipal solid waste (MSW) are completely introduced in this paper, including the disposal, recycling and management in other countries. Moreover, with those countries for reference, some suggestions for China are offered.Landfill, composting and incineration are general methods for disposing municipal solid waste. Referring to techniques, management, investment and applicability, landfill is superior to the others. And, it can be the terminal disposal to MSW. Therefore, landfill is generally fit for China, a developing country. Some special solid waste, such as plastics, rubbers, papers, batteries, electronic waste, medical waste and swill, should be recycled for their economic benefit and preventing pollution. A number of different criterions, ordinances, and laws have been issued in order to establish a rational and well operated integrated waste management system in Netherlands and Germany. They might be useful for reference.