小麦氮肥调控的群体效应和效益研究

Effect of Regulating Nitrogenous Fertilizer on Wheat Population and Production Earnings

进行了氮肥调控群体效应及效益研究,结果表明,在常规投肥水平下,N,P,K,Fe,Zn,B和Mn肥同时增加,群体发生明显变化,随着施肥水平的提高,增蘖1.71×10~6～2.45×10~6个/hm^2,增产754.5kg/hm^2,增收840元/hm^2,有效养分平均效益3.10元/kg。在此基础上微肥用量增加1倍,增产1147.5kg/hm^2,增收1347元/hm^2,微肥平均养分效益30.7元/kg;P和微肥增加1倍,增产1417.5kg/hm^2,增收1716元/hm^2,磷肥平均效益7.53元/kg;K增加1倍,增产405kg/hm^2,但不增收。不增加N肥同时提高P,K及Fe,Zn,B,Mn肥的投入量,增产945kg/hm^2,增收1314元/hm^2,在此基础上,若将P肥投入量提高1倍,增收3932元/hm^2,增加养分效益17.54元/kg。研究表明,在较高的肥力基础上磷肥和微肥是提高小麦生产能力和效益的关键因素。

Increases in N ,P.K,Fe,Zn,B and Mn ferhlizer application resulted in a remarkable change in the wheat population, tilling increases of 1. 71 ~ 2. 45 millions/hm2, yield increases of 754. 5 kg/hm2, and earnings increases of 840 Yuan/hm2 (the average earning of effective normal fertilizer is 3. 10 Yuan/kg). Furthering this fertilizer investment, the yield increases by 1 147. 5 kg/hm2 and earnings increase by 1 347 Yuan/hm2 by doubling trace elements Fe, Zn, B and Mn; trace fertilizer profit in this case is 30. 71 Yuan/ kg. Yield increases by 1 417. 5 kg/hm2 and earnings increase by 1 7 Hi Yuan/hm2 by doubling the trace elements and P fertilizer (the average earning of effective P fertilizer is 7. 53 Yuan/kg). Yield increases by 405 kg/hm2 and earnings decrease by doubling potash fertilizer. Yield increases by 945 kg/hm2 and earnings increase by 1 314 Yuan/hm2 by increased fertilizer content of P,K,Fe. Zn, B and Mn (except N). In this fertilizer investment type, the profit increased 3932 Yuan/hm2 and the earning is 17. 54 Yuan/kg by doubling phosphate fertilizer. The experiments show that phosphate fertilizer and trace fertilizer are a key factor in improvement of wheat production capacity and profitability of high fertilizer levels.