东北地区智力资源开发与区域竞争力

Intellectual Resources Development and Regional Competitiveness of Northeast China

经过几十年的高强度开发利用,东北地区传统意义上的自然资源优势日趋丧失,区域竞争力下降。面对新世纪的机遇和挑战,东北地区应把智力资源开发作为提升区域竞争力的战略对策之一。该区智力资源的比较优势是总量大,质量高,科研院所和大中专院校聚集,科技进步基础处于全国前列。智力资源开发现存的突出问题是科技经费不足,投入结构不合理,企业未能成为研究与开发(R&D)的主体,科技体制改革落后,科技意识有待进一步提高。东北地区智力资源开发存在巨大潜力,但也存在明显的区域差异。采用层次分析法的评价结果表明,智力资源开发潜力分5个等级。基于智力资源的开发潜力,东北地区可在如下4个方面提升区域竞争力,即加快改造传统工业优势部门,大力发展高新技术产业;依靠科技提高农业竞争力;把东北地区建设成中国科研和高等教育基地之一;积极发展城市服务业,增强城市综合经济实力。东北地区智力资源开发应采取综合性对策,迫切需要在体制、投资、人才政策和管理等方面取得突破。

Intellectual resources is a key factor of the regional competitiveness as well as the object which a city or region competes for. Therefore, the development of regional intellectual resources plays a much important role in improving regional competitiveness in the coming of knowledge-based economy. After several decades of high intensive exploitation, Northeast China lost its traditional advantages of nature resources, the regional competitiveness decreased in recent years. In the face of the new challenge and opportunity of the 21st century, this area needs to develop regional intellectual resources, which is a strategic policy for improving regional competitiveness. Northeast China is rich of high quality intellectual resources compared with most central and western China areas. There are 2.07 million skilled personnel in state-owned sectors and 140 colleges and universities, which respectively occupy higher percentage of 9.91 % and 13.70% of the whole nation, in contrast to 8. 39% of the total population of China. Moreover the substantial factors for science progress surpass most areas of the country, and the indices for assessing regional intellectual resources rank ahead the like. However this region is lack of investment in education and technology development in recent decade, and the investment structure is not rational. The enterprises have not become the main players for investing R&D, the system reform of science and technology still has a long way to go. Anyway it is true that there is a huge potential for developing intellectual resources, yet the intellectual resources differentiate unevenly in this region. Furthermore this study makes an assessment on the intellectual resources development potential in this region by the method of AHP. 33 sample areas are rated to 5 level groups. Based on the regional intellectual resources potential, the paper addresses 4 aspects for upgrading regional competitiveness. The first is to reconstruct old industrial sectors paralleling with hi-tech industry development, the second is to improve agricultural competitiveness; the third is to develop this area to be one of key scientific research and high education base for the country; the fourth is to strengthen urban economic competitiveness by reviving service industries. In this regard, Northeast China needs to establish comprehensive polices dealing with intellectual resources, and to make breakthrough in system, investment, human capital policy and management etc.